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青铜器（Bronze Ware）在古时被称为“金”或“吉金”，是红铜与其他化学元素锡、铅等的合金，其铜锈呈青绿色。
青铜器的使用开始于新石器时代晚期的土耳其和伊拉克地区，及叙利亚古代TellRamad遗址出土的铜珠等 。中国青铜器开始于马家窑至秦汉时期，以商周时期的器物最为精美。 在中国仰韶文化早期和马家窑文化时期就已经出现。
中国最初出现的是小型工具或饰物。夏代始有青铜容器和兵器。商中期，青铜器品种已很丰富，并出现了铭文和精细的花纹。商晚期至西周早期，是青铜器发展的鼎盛时期，器型多种多样，浑厚凝重，铭文逐渐加长，花纹繁缛富丽。随后，青铜器胎体开始变薄，纹饰逐渐简化。春秋晚期至战国，由于铁器的推广使用，铜制工具越来越少。秦汉时期，随着陶器和漆器进入日常生活，铜制容器品种减少，装饰简单，多为素面，胎体也更为轻薄。
中国青铜器制作精美，在世界青铜器中享有极高的声誉和艺术价值，代表着中国5000多年青铜发展的高超技术与文化。
青铜牛宫灯
宫灯始于东汉，盛于隋唐，具有浓厚的地方特色，宫灯，顾名思义是皇宫中用的灯，它以雍容华贵、充满宫廷气派而闻名于世。
由于长期为宫廷所用，除了照明以外，还要配上精细复杂的装饰，以显示帝王的富贵和奢华。
青铜牛：即在站立的牛的背上置带鋬的灯盘，灯盘上有两片弧形镂孔屏板作为灯的盖罩；牛的头顶或双角向上弯曲，与灯盖连接，即成灯的把手，又是烟道。灯的各部分都可拆卸。江苏邗汀东汉墓出土的牛灯，牛形灯座通体饰以精细的错银纹饰，十分华丽。古代灯具的造型多样，有人物形、动物形、植物形及仿日常器皿等多种。动物形灯即将灯具做成各种飞禽走兽形状，它流行于汉代和魏晋南北朝时期，其中以牛、羊和狮子造型者居多。目 前我们见到的典型铜牛灯分别出土于江苏、湖南省的汉墓中，它们都以站立的牛为特征，灯盘背负在牛背上，巧妙地运用了牛的造型。
此青铜器，红斑绿锈，表现十分开门，可见贴骨绿锈毫无浮与表面之感，整体保存完整，无任何残破之处，当属美品器物，此青铜器历史悠久，具有极高的文化价值，以及艺术收藏价值。
金文，是指汉字的一种书体名称，指的是铸造在殷商与周朝青铜器上的铭文，也叫钟鼎文。商周是青铜器的时代，青铜器的礼器以鼎为代表，乐器以钟为代表，“钟鼎”是青铜器的代名词。
中国在夏代就已进入青铜时代，铜的冶炼和铜器的制造技术十分发达。因为周朝把铜也叫金，所以铜器上的铭文就叫作“金文”或“吉金文字”；又因为这类铜器以钟鼎上的字数最多，所以过去又叫作“钟鼎文”。
其中名气**的是1980年出土于江苏扬州邗江东汉墓的错银铜牛灯。器物下部作黄牛形象，牛俯首站立，两角上翘，整体雄浑厚重。牛背中心处装置圆筒形灯座，在带把的灯盏上设置有两片可以转动的瓦状灯罩，形成穹顶，罩面饰菱形格状镂孔和小环。牛头上有一弯管与灯座穹顶相连。整个牛灯的牛身、灯座和顶盖三部分均可拆卸，通体装饰错银花纹，主要为流云纹、三角云纹、螺旋纹等，精致繁复，华丽秀美。此件铜牛灯是铜灯中的精华，为南京博物院的镇馆之宝，曾出现 在众多文物图录和明信片上。
铜牛灯十分罕见，为水牛驮灯的形象,由牛身、灯座和灯顶组成。水牛昂首站立，牛体中空，牛背中心有圆洞，上置圆筒至灯座，灯座有顶盖，牛两角作为通道，与顶盖相连，烟可进入两牛角进行水解，起到环保作用。铜牛灯反映了当时铜器加工的工艺水平和人们的环保意识，此藏品品相完美，当为传世之宝，具有不可估量的收藏价值。
英文翻译：Bronze Ware, called "gold" or "gold" in ancient times, is an alloy of red copper with other chemical elements such as tin and lead. Its copper rust is bluish green.
The use of bronze ware began in the late Neolithic Age in Turkey and Iraq, and the ancient TellRamad site in Syria unearthed copper beads. Chinese bronzes began from Majiayao to the Qin and Han dynasties, with the most exquisite ones from the Shang and Zhou dynasties. It appeared in the early period of Yangshao culture and Majiayao culture.
China first appeared in small tools or accessories. The Xia dynasty began to have bronze vessels and weapons. In the middle period of shang Dynasty, bronze ware varieties were abundant, and inscriptions and fine patterns appeared. From the late Shang dynasty to the early Western Zhou Dynasty, bronze ware was in its heyday, with various types, thick and dignified, gradually lengthened inscriptions and elaborate patterns. Later, the bronze body began to thin, gradually simplified ornamentation. From the late Spring and Autumn period to the Warring States period, copper tools became less and less due to the popularization of iron ware. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, with the introduction of pottery and lacquer into daily life, the variety of copper vessels was reduced and the decoration was simple. Most of them were plain and the body was thinner.
Chinese bronzes are exquisitely made and enjoy a high reputation and artistic value among bronzes in the world, representing the superb technology and culture of Chinese bronze development over 5,000 years.
Bronze ox palace lamp
The palace lantern originated in the Eastern Han Dynasty and flourished in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. It has strong local characteristics. As its name implies, it is the lamp used in the palace and is famous for its elegance and court style.
As a result of long-term use for the palace, in addition to lighting, but also with elaborate decoration, in order to show the emperor's wealth and luxury.
Bronze ox: a lamp plate with 鋬 is placed on the back of a standing ox, and two curved engraved screen plates are used as the lamp cover; The top of the head or the horns of the cow bend upward and connect with the lamp cover, which becomes the handle of the lamp and also the flue. All parts of the lamp are removable. The ox lamp unearthed from the tomb of The Han Dynasty in Tingdong, Jiangsu Han Nationality, bull-shaped lamp holder is decorated with fine interchangeable silver grain, which is very gorgeous. The shapes of ancient lamps and lanterns are diverse, including figures, animals, plants and imitation of daily utensils. The animal lamp is made into all kinds of birds and animals shape, it was popular in the Han Dynasty and Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties, in which cattle, sheep and lion in the shape of the majority. The typical bronze ox lamps we see at present were respectively unearthed from han Dynasty tombs in Jiangsu and Hunan provinces. Both of them feature a standing ox, and the lamp plate is carried on the ox's back, cleverly using the shape of the ox.
This bronze, erythematous green rust, performance is very open, can be seen sticking bone green rust without floating and surface feeling, the overall preservation is complete, without any broken place, should be a beautiful ware, this bronze has a long history, has a high cultural value, as well as art collection value.
Jin Wen is a type of calligraphy name of Chinese characters. It refers to the inscriptions cast on bronzes of the Yin, Shang and Zhou dynasties, also known as Zhong Ding Wen. Shang and Zhou dynasties were the age of bronze ware. The ritual ware of bronze ware is represented by tripod, and the musical instrument is represented by bell. "Tripod" is synonymous with bronze ware.
China had entered the Bronze Age in the Xia Dynasty, and the smelting of copper and the manufacture of copper ware were highly developed. Since copper was also called gold in the Zhou Dynasty, the inscriptions on bronze vessels were called "jin Wen" or "Ji Jin characters". And because this kind of bronze ware has the largest number of words on the tripod, it was called "zhongding Wen" in the past.
Among them, the most famous is the silver bronze ox lantern unearthed in 1980 from the Eastern Han Tomb in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province. The lower part of the ware is the image of a cow, which stands with its head bent and its horns upturned. The whole is vigorous and thick. A cylindrical lamp holder is installed in the center of the ox back, and two rotating tile-shaped lampshades are arranged on the lantern with handles to form a dome. The cover is decorated with diamond lattice holes and small rings. A bend in the bull's head is connected to the dome of the lamp holder. The body, holder and top cover of the whole ox lamp can be detachable. The whole body is decorated with mixed silver patterns, mainly flowing moire pattern, triangular moire pattern and spiral pattern, which are delicate and complicated, gorgeous and beautiful. This bronze ox lamp is the essence of the copper lamp, as the treasure of nanjing Museum, has appeared in many cultural relics catalogue and postcards.
The bronze ox lamp is a rare image of a buffalo carrying a lamp. It consists of the ox body, lamp holder and lamp top. Buffalo standing head, cattle body hollow, cattle back center has a round hole, cylinder to lamp holder, lamp holder has a top cover, cattle horns as a channel, connected with the top cover, smoke can enter the two horns for hydrolysis, play an environmental role. The bronze ox lamp reflects the technological level of copper processing and people's awareness of environmental protection at that time. The collection is perfect in appearance, and should be handed down as a treasure, with immeasurable collection value.